जातिलक्षणदेशैरन्यतानवच्छेदात् तुल्ययोस्ततः प्रतिपत्तिः॥५३॥
jāti-lakṣaṇa-deśaiḥ anyatā-anavacchedāt tulyayoḥ tataḥ pratipattiḥ ॥53॥
jāti=species; lakṣaṇa=distinguishing characteristic; deśaiḥ=and location; anyatā=difference; anavacchedāt=because of the absence of definition; tulyayoḥ=of two comparable things; tataḥ=from this; pratipattiḥ=knowledge ॥53॥
Sw. Satchidananda
Thus, the indistinguishable differences between objects that are alike in species, characteristics marks and positions become indistinguishable.
Bryant
As a result of this, there is discernment of two comparable things that are not distinguishable by species, characteristic, or location.
Taimni
From it (Vivekajam’Jnanam) knowledge of distinction between similars which cannot be distinguished by class, characteristic or postion.
Aranya
When Species, Temporal Character And Position Of Two Different Things Being Indiscernable They Look Alike, They Can Be Differentiated Thereby (By This Knowledge)
3. 53. There is a subtle knowledge which springs from discrimination of ‘time’ that follows upon concentration of the Mind’s performance, with regard to relation between moments, and their direction.
Intuition, which is the entire discriminative knowledge relates to all objects at all times, and is without succession.
Time is something defining “limitation in extent” as opposed to a permanent substance which is neither an entity nor a property of substance.
In this aphorism, Patanjali speaks of the ultimate divisions of ‘time’ which cannot be further divided, and of the order in which they precede and succeed each other.
He asserts that a perception of these minuscule periods can be acquired.
From this result, the yogi who discriminates thus, goes on to greater and wider perception of principles in Nature (earth-water-fire-air-space) which are so concealed in matter, that few realise that it is through time that generation proceeds.
Modern philosophy does not even know of their existence.
We know that we can all distinguish periods as days or hours, and there are many persons, born mathematicians, who are able to perceive the succession of minutes and can tell exactly without a watch how many have elapsed between any two given points in time.
The minutes, so perceived by these mathematical wonders, are, however, not the ultimate divisions of time referred to in this Aphorism; but are themselves composed of such a definitive.
No rules can be given for such concentration as this, as it is so far on the road of progress that the ascetic finds the rules himself, after having mastered all the anterior processes.
Such discriminative wisdom comes from omniscience, supreme dispassion and non-dual state by a yogi who practices non-attachment and gains liberation.